Hydraulic accumulator.



No. 635,847. Patented 0ct. 3|, i899. C. N. DUTTON.

HYDRAULIC AccUMuLAToB.

(Application'fued Aug. 5, 1897,

6 Sheets-Sheet (No Model.)

m: nonms PEYEHS co.4 moToLlruo., WASHINGTON. nv c.

(No Model.)

C.' N. DUTTUN.

HYDRAULIC ACCUMULATUR. (Application led Aug. 5, 1597.)

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Patented'oet. 3|, |899.

6 Sheets-Sheet l2.

vNo. 635,847'. Patented Oct. 3|, |899.

c. N. nuTToN.

HYDRAULIC ACCUMULATB.

(Application led Aug. 5, 1897.)

(No Model.) 6 S-heets-Sheet 3 I L l ,I y

l v I l 4 l i i F/5. 5 i l l 36! Y' im I" F" @a 2 da@ l 'Il r" N0.635,847. Patented Oct. 3|, |899. C. N. DUTTDN. HYDRAULIC ACCUMULATOB.

(Application led Aug. 5, 1897.)

6 Sheets-Sheet 4.

(No Model.)

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Nn. 635,847. Patented ont. 3|,' |899. c. N. nuTToN.

HYDRAULIC ACCUMULATUB.

(Application filed Aug. 5, 1897.) (No Model.) s sheets-sheet 5.

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SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 635,847, dated October31, 1899,. Application iiled August 5, 1897. Serial No. 647,146. (Nomodel.)

T0 LU whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, CHAUNCEY N. DUTToN, of the city, county, and Stateof New York, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement inHydraulic Accumulators, of which improvement the following is aspecifcation.

The object of my invention is to provide a hydraulic accumulatorspecially designed for very heavy and powerful work which shall be ofsimple, substantial, and desirable construction, capable of removal ofits pedestal and working parts and connections without removal ofits-weight or load and of removal and replacement of its packingswithout removing its weight, cylinder, or rams, and which in operationis adapted to generate for desired utilization either a higher or alower pressure at the option of the operator.

To this end myinvention, generally stated, consists in the combinationof a frame or support for sustaining the reactions, a lower weightedhydraulic member, an upper hydraulic member adapted to exert pressureupon the lower hydraulic member by the transfer of fluid from the lowerweighted hydraulic member to the upper hydraulic member, and avalve-controlled pipe connecting said members; also, in certain noveldevices and combinations of members in the structure of the apparatuswhereby greater strength and eompactness are attained and the convenientremoval and replacement of working parts and packiugs are facilitated.

The improvement claimed is hereinafter fully set forth.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure lis a vertical central sectionthrough a hydraulic accumulator embodying my invention, detailedstructural features being omitted to promote clearness of illustrationot' the general principles of the invention; Figs. 2 and 3, transversesections, on an enlarged scale, through the controlling-valve of theintensifier branch pipe in closed and open positions, respectively; Fig.4, avertical central section through a hydraulic accumulator,illustrating a suitable and desirable form for the practical applicationof the invention;y Figo, a side View in elevation of the same with aportion of the weight broken away; Fig. 6, a horizontal section at theline x m of Fig. 4;

y Figs. 7 and 8, similar sections, on an enlarged scale, through thecylinder and movable ram and the fixed ram at the lines y y and ,e e,respectively, of Fig. 4; Fig. 9, aview, half in vertical central sectionand halfin elevation, of the carrier from which the weight is suspended;Fig. 10, a plan or top view of the same; Fig. ll, a view, half inverticalv central section and half in elevation, of the maincylinderbearing-plate and its supportingtable; Fig. 12, a plan or top view ofthe maincylinder bearing-plate, and Fig. 13 a similar view of thesupporting-table of said plate.

In the practice of my invention I provide a suitable frame orsupport forsustaining the weight and reaction of the hydraulic members andguidingtheir motions in right lines, a lower hydraulic member suitablyweighted to give the lower of the twodesired pressures, an upperhydraulic member, and a pipe controlled by a valve, by which fluid maypass from the lower or accumulator member to the upper or intensifyingmember.

When it is desired to utilize for work the lower of the two pressures,the valve in the connecting-pipe is closed, cutting otf communicationbetween the two hydraulic members, the resulting pressure being simplythat due to the weight acting on the accumulator.

When it is desired to use the higher of the two pressures, the valve isopened, establish-- ing communication between the two hydraulic members,in which case a part of the iiuid expelled from the cylinder of theaccumulator member by the falling weight passes through theconnecting-pipe into the cylinder of the intensifying member and,exerting pressure therein upon the lower hydraulic member, intensifiesand raisesthe hydraulic pressure to the higher of the two pressures forwhich the machine is designed.

The specific form of my invention which gives the cheapest, vmostcompact, and economical machines is exemplied in the drawings, whichshow a substantial cast-metal base or pedestal l, built into and securedby bolts 2 to a suitable foundation 3, of masonry, concrete, orothermaterial. A vertical frame 4, preferably composed of steel angles,is secured to the pedestal and laced orlatticed in its lower portion toas great a height as is admissible without interference with the IOOweight suspending members by diagonal braces 5, as well as connected bysupportingtables 6 7 and an upperbearing-plate S, so as toconstituteastructure of sufficient strength and stiffness to sustain thereactions of the hydraulic members and resist accidental forces tendingto distort it or wind--press-ure when erected in an exposed position.Asupporting-table 6, the vertical portion of which is of open orskeleton form, in order to give convenient access to its interior, issecured to the pedestal 1 and to the vertical frame members 4.

A cast-metal lower bearing-plate, consisttending lugs 10 and made in oneor more sections, preferably in the form of a split sleeveblock,abutting in planes diametrical to its body and connected by bolts 11,is` secured upon the top of the table G, adjusts centrally therein, andsupports on its annular upper face a main hydraulic cylinder 12, whichpasses through the body of the bearing-plate 9 and a central opening inthe table 6 and is supported thereon and adjusted centrally therein bythe interposition of the split sleeveblocks or bearing-plate 9 betweenthe plate 6 and an annular flange 13, formed on the cylinder 12. Afterthe cylinder is adjusted it is firmly held in place by boltin g thesleeveblocks to the plate 6 and, if desired, by dowelpins. The upper endof the cylinder maybe similarly centrallyadj usted. The upper end of thecylinder 12 passes through and is guided and steadiedin an annularguideplate 14, whichis bolted toasupporting-table 7, connected to theframe members 4. An

upper bearing-plate S is connected to the upv per ends of the framemembers through anv intermediate table 15, said bearing-plate having acentral sleeve or socket 16, in which a fixed intensiiier-ram 17 issecured in line axially with the main hydraulic cylinder 12. The movableram 1S of the cylinder 12 is made tubular in order to form anintensifier-cylinder, which receives and traverses on the fixedintensifier-ram 17.

The weight 19, by which the ordinary or lesser of the two pressureswithin the capacity of the accumulator is imposed upon the movable ram18, is of annular form surrounding the frame 4 and is suspended from themovable ram, as presently to be described. It is preferably composed ofan annular integral block of concrete and may, as shown, be providedwith a supplemental section in the form of an annular tank 20 to receivea load of water when a temporary increase of pressure above that due tothe main body of the weight is desired. The weight 19 is suspended belowa point of support on the movable ram by suspension-rods 21, so as to bepractically in a position of stability and to lessen the duty of andstrain upon the guides by which its truly vertical movements upon theframe are assured.

To admit of the ready and convenient ating of an annular body 9 andlaterally-ex` tachment and detachment of theweight 19 to and from themovable ram 18, a recessed or shouldered head is formed at the outer endof said ram by projecting collars 22, between which is secured thecarrier 23, from which the weight is suspended. The carrier ispreferably in the form of an annular body, with four radiallyprojectingarms cast in one piece, finished, and cut apart on planes transverse toits axis. The inner surface of the body of the carrier is finished totit the head of the ram, and tapered or conical outer bearing-faces 24are formed on the ends of the body. The' sections of the carrier areplaced in position upon the head of the ram and distanced by liners orotherwise, as may be required, being then held together by bolts 25passing through lateral flanges on the body. Steel rings 26, which arepreferably rolled and weldless andare bored out to fit thebearing-surfaces 24, are then fitted on said' surfaces and drawn intoclose contact therewith by through-bolts 27. The sections of the carrierare thus firmly held together by the rings 26, and the connection isabsolutely safe from slipping, yielding, or unscrewing from anyaccidental cause or vibration.

lt will be seen that normally the weight tends to rotate the arms of thecarrier about the supporting lower collar 22 and presses the lower endsof said arms against the cylinder 12 and that the upper ring 26 is intension and that the lower ring is free from strain, except such initialstrain as may be due to tightening the bolts 27. It will be obvious,therefore, thatthe lower of the two rings 26 will not be strained,except in the case of accident, and might be dispensed with and that thelower abutment of the bolts 27 might be on a projection from the head ofthe ram 12--as, for instance, on the lower collar 22-were it extendedoutwardly for that purpose. The use of both rings, however, while notabsolutely essential, is desirable to provide the greatest possiblerigidity and security in the attachment of the carrier 23.

Sockets 2S, having spherical-faced bearingsurfaces 29 to receivecorresponding heads on the suspension-rods 21, are formed in the outerends of the arms ot' the carrier, and the lower ends of thesuspension-rods bear upon plates 30, built into the concreteweight-block and having spherical-faced bearing-surfaces similar tothose of the carrier. The bearingplates 30 are in the form of beams,which extend outwardly and support the annular tank 20, for whichadditional support is provided by intermediate I-beams or girders 31built into or otherwise attached to the Weight. Guide-faces 32, of V orotherwise recessed section, fixed upon the inner ends of two or more ofthe bearing-plates, tit against and traverse on corresponding verticalguide-bars 32f, xed to the frame members 4.

l/Vhile there is normally no pressure or very slight pressure upon theguides32 or 32, wind-pressure upon the weight 19 may IOO IIO

induce considerable pressure thereon. It is impossible to truss or bracethe upper part of the frame 4, through which the arms of the carrier 23traverse. In the drawings, therefore, the guides 32a on the frame areshown as coniined to the lower` trussed portion thereof, freeing theupper untrussed portion from the wind strains originating in the largemelnbers of the apparatus.

In order to render the packing of the movable ram 18 convenientlyaccessible without removing any of the heavy parts of the appatus, thepacking 33 is located on the lower end of the ram and the lower end ofthe main hydraulic cylinder 12 is closed by a removable bonnet 34. Whenthe accumulator- Weight is depressed, the packing lies within thebonnet, and on the removal of the bonnet the end of the ram carrying thepacking projects and is exposed, so asto be readily accessible. Thebonnet is made self-centering upon the cylinderand is connected theretoby studs. To relieve the cylinder from longitudinal strain due to thebonnet, an adjustable support-as, for example, a screwjack 35-isprovided, which support rests upon the pedestal or foundation and isbrought to a bearing against the bonnet, taking the pressure thereon andtransferring it to the foundation and relieving the cylinder fromlongitudinal strain.

To provide for conveniently packing the fixed intensier-ram 17, theouter end of the movable ram 18 is provided with a removable sleeve ornozzle 36, which is centered on and bolted to the ram 18. The length ofthe sleeve 36 is such that when the weight is at its lowest point thelower end of the intensifier-ram is within the sleeve at some distanceabove its connection with the ram 18. By unbolting the sleeve 36 andslipping it up on the intensifier-ram the packing 37 of said ram isfully exposed and readily accessible for renewal or repair.

The hydraulic pressure-pipe 38, through which communication for water isestablished between the main hydraulic cylinder 12 and the point ofutilization of power, communicate-s by a branch pipe 39, governed by acontrolling-valve 40,with a passage 41, extending through the fixedintensifier-ram 17 to the intensifier-cylinder space within the movableram 1S. The valve 40 is a three-way valve, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3,and connects bya pipe 42 with a suitable elevated circulating-tank,sothat when the hydraulic members 12 and 18 are disconnected, as shown inFig. 2, the ram 18 can move upward without encountering undue resistanceand downward without tending to cause a vacuum inthe cylinder formedtherewithin, fluid at such times circulating freely between the tank andthe cylinder formed in the ram 18. At such times the pressure on themain hydraulic cylinder is that which is due simply to the weight of themovable ram 18, the load-weight 19, and the parts connected to andmoving therewith.

When, however, the controlling-valve is opened, as in Figs. 1, 3, and 4,the connection with the circulating-tankis closed and water or otherfluid from the main cylinder 12 passes through the connecting-pipes 39and passage 41 into the intensifier-cylinder and exerts a pressuretherein supplemental to the action of the weight, thereby increasing thepressure in the main cylinder 12, which increase again acts in theintensifier-cylinder, and so on indefinitely,the action being on themathematical principle of the series-for example, assuming thetransverse sectional area of the intensifier-cylinder to be one-thirdthat of the main hydraulic cylinder, if the normal pressure in the maincylinder, due to the imposed weight, be one thousand pounds, then whenthe controlling-valve is open a pressure of one thousand pounds isexerted in the intensifiercylinder equal in effect to one-third of theeffect of the weight, which pressure increases the pressure in the maincylinder onethird. This increase of one-third similarly acts in theintensifier-cylinder and increases the pressure one-ninth, and so on.Thus the original pressure is intensified in the ratio of one to theseries one-plus one-third plus one- Yninth plus one twenty-seventh plusone yeighty-iirst, ttc., the sum of which is one and one-half, and theeffect of opening the valve is to increase the pressure from onethousand to fifteen hundred pounds.

The action of the intensifier-cylinder and ram may also be readilyunderstood from an explanation on the. basis of work done. If thetransverse area of the intensifier-cylinder be one-third that of themain cylinder, then when the valve is open a fall of the weight throughunit distance is accompanied by a transfer of one-third of a unit offluid to the accumulator-cylinder and twothirds ofa unit through thepressure-pipe to the point at which the power is to be exerted. Inasmuchas two-thirds of the volume of fluid displaced is used to do work andone-third is used to intensify the action of the other two-thirds, itis` evident that the intensification is onehalf, and so for anyproportion of main and intensifier cylinders which may be adopted.

It will be seen that the important capability in practice of generatinga higher or a lower pressure, as desired, is attained withoutnecessitating the employment of additional moving members and that theapparatus is free from complication or structural peculiaritiesinvolving undue expense or liability to breakage or derange'ment.

I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent- 1. In atwo-pressure hydraulic accumulator, the combination of a support, alower weighted hydraulic member, an upper hydraulic member adapted toact on the lower member, and a valve-controlled pipe connecting the twomembers.

2. In a two-pressure hydraulic accumulator,

the combination of a lower hydraulic member,

IOO

IIO

a frame, au annular weight surrounding said frame and suspended on thelower hydraulic member, an upper hydraulic member adapted to act on thelower hydraulic member, and a Valve-controlled pipe for the passage ofiiuid from the lower to the upper member.

3. In a two-pressure hydraulic accumulator, the combination of a frame,a lower hydraulic member, an annular weight suspended on the lowerhydraulic member, guides on the weight and on the frame, an upperhydraulic member adapted to act on the lower hydraulic member, and avalve-controlled pipe connecting the hydraulic members.

Ll. In a hydraulic accumulator, the combination of a main hydrauliccylinder, a weighted movable tubular ram working therein, a fixed ramfitting the bore of the movable ram, and means for effecting the ow offiuid under pressure from the main cylinder to the interior of themovable ram.

5. In a hydraulic accumulator, the combination of a main hydrauliccylinder, a movable tubular ram Working therein, a fixed ram fitting thebore of the movable ram,means for effecting the flow of fluid underpressure from the main cylinder to the interior of the movable ram, aframe for receiving the reaction of the hydraulic members, and anannular weightsurroundin g and guided ou said frame and suspended fromthe movable ram.

G. In a hydraulic accumulator, the combination of a supporting-pedestal,a frame for receiving the reaction of the hydraulic members, a mainhydraulic cylinder, a movable ram working therein and bored to form anintensifier-cylinder, a weight connected to and carried by said ram, afixed intensifier-ram fitting in the intensifier-cylinder, ahydraulicpressure pipe leading into the main cylinder, and avalve-controlled branch pipe connecting said pressure-pipe with theintensifiercylinder.

7. In a hydraulic accumulator, the combination of a supporting-pedestal,a frame having a trussed lower portion, guides connected to the trusscdportion of the frame, a hydraulic cylinder connected to and supported onthe pedestal, a movable ram ttiug the cylinder, an annular weightsurrounding the frame and traversing on the guides thereon, andsuspension-rods by which the weight is hung below a point of support onthe ram.

8. In a hydraulic accumulator, the combination of a frame, a hydrauliccylinder, a movable ram fitting the cylinder, an annular weightsurrounding the frame and traversing on guides thereon, a sectionalcarrier having an annular body and projecting arms, and ttiug a head orrecess on the ram, a ring fitting a conical bearing-surface on thecarrier, and suspension-rods connecting the arms of the carrier with theweight.

9. In a hydraulic accumulator, the combination of a supporting-pedestal,a frame and guides connected thereto, a hydraulic cylinder connected toand supported on the pedestal, al movable ram fitting the cylinder, anannular weight surrounding the frame and traversing on guides thereon, asectional carrier having an annular body and projecting arms, andfitting between collars or shoulders on the ram, rings fitting conicalbearingsurfaces on the ends of the carrier, connecting-bolts by whichsaid rings are drawn to a bearing on the carrier, and suspension-rodsconnecting the arms of the carrier with the weight.

10. In a hydraulic accumulator, the combination of an annularWeight-block, supporting-plates built into said block and provided withsockets for the reception of suspensionrods, and an annular tanksurrounding the weight-block and supported on said plates.

1l. In a hydraulic accumulator, ,the combination of asupporting-pedestal, a frame connected thereto, a sectionalbearing-plate connected to the frame, a main hydraulic cylindersupported on said bearing-plate, an upper bearing-plate connected to theframe and inclosing the cylinder near its outer end, a tubular ramworking in said cylinder, a bearing-plate connected to the upper end ofthe frame, a fixed intensifier-ram connected to said bearing-plate andentering the bore of the movable ram, an annular weight surrounding andguided on the frame, suspension-rods connecting said Weight with themovable ram, a hydraulic-pressure pipe leading into the main cylinder,and a valve-controlled branch pipe connecting said pressurepipe with thebore of the tubular ram.

CHAUNCEY N. DUTTON.

/Vitnesses:

PAUL F. DIETRICH, JULES P. Mnfrzcnn.

